Most of the work in the 802.11ac MAC is evolutionary. In contrast with the major efficiency enhancements introduced in 802.11n, most of the MAC work in 802.11ac consists of supporting new physical layer features. Frames are bigger, but the aggregation framework in place handles those larger frames without significant change. Download Realtek RTL8811CU Controlller WLAN USB Driver 10.2017 (Network Card). That said, it's fairly safe to assume that Apple will also roll out 802.11ac across the upcoming iPhone 5S, iPad 5, iPad mini 2 and a next-gen Mac Pro, Apple TV and MacBook. For what it's worth, Apple reportedly partnered with chip maker Broadcom to outfit all Macs with 802.11ac chips.
WLAN 802.11ac MAC layer
This tutorial section on WLAN-11ac basics covers following sub topics:
Main pageframePHY layerMAC layerdata ratesspectral maskbeamformingradio planning
This page of WLAN 802.11ac tutorial covers 802.11ac MAC layer.
The 802.11ac MAC layer has similar frame format as earlier used in 802.11n but thereare few changes as outlined below.
• extension of maximum frame size to about 8K to 11K bytes.
• Frame aggregation concept was added in 802.11n so that network efficiency can be increased. 11ac added new feature to this by allowing all frames to be transmitted should use A-MPDU format. Hence even though there is one frame that too needs to be transmitted in A-MPDU.
• HT control field is kept same as 11n, when it begins with 0 it will be 11n frame, if it begins with 1 it will be VHT frame(i.e. 11ac frame).
Data payload for aggregated frames consists of following. MSDU contains IP layer information.
MPDU delimiter+MAC Header+MSDU1+ MPDU delimiter+MAC Header+MSDU2+ MPDU delimiter+MAC Header+MSDU3
Max. length of A-MPDU is controlled by A-MPDU length exponent.
Max. length of A-MPDU = 213+Exp -1 bytes
Exp can range from 0 to 7, this yields A-MPDU to be of length 8KB to about 1MB.
Following are some of the useful attributes of 11ac MAC layer.
• MSDU size for MAC payload - 2304
• MPDU size for MAC frame - 11,454
• PSDU size(PLCP payload) - About 4MB
• PPDU size(PLCP frame) - 5.484 ms
Management Frames
802.11ac has VHT capabilities Information Element(IE) ,which is the format used in management frame required toestablish connection in 802.11ac networks.
VHT capabilities IE fields ={Max. MPDU Length (2 bits),Supported Channel Width set(2 bits),Rx LDPC ( 1bit), Short GI for 80 MHz(1bit), short GI for 160 MHz(1bit),Tx STBC(1bit), Rx STBC(3bits), single user beamformer (1bit), beamformee (1bit),Sounding dimensions(3bits), multiuser beamformer(1bit) , beamformee(1bit),VHT TxOp power saving(1bit), VHT variant HT control(1bit), Max. A MPDU length exponent(3), VHT link adaptation capable(2), Rx and Tx antenna pattern consistency(1 each),Rx and Tx VHC MCS MAP(16 bits each), Rx and Tx Highest data rate supported (13 each)}
VHT operation Information Element in 802.11ac is used for operation of the 802.11 network.Basically it describes channel related information such as width, frequency and ratessupported by the transmitter. Rates help in determining MCS and number of spatial streams.
VHT IE ={ Channel width (1byte), channel center frequency 0 (1byte) ,channel center frequency 1(1byte) }
MAC features
A-MPDU for transmit and receive, Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) on secondary channels and bandwidthsignalling in RTS/CTS are mandatory features in 802.11ac WLAN network.There are few optional features which include single user beamformingand multiuser beamforming and GCMP.
This tutorial also provide link to 802.11ac data rate, beamforming, frame format, physical layer, radio network planning, spectrum mask.Refer links mentioned on the left side panel.
Frame structure of wireless standards, technologies
Frame structure of various wireless standards/technologies are mentioned below.It include WiMAX, WLAN, Zigbee, GSM, GPRS, UMTS, LTE, TD-SCDMA, GPS, SDH, 11ac WLAN, AMPS, Ethernet, VLAN etc.
WiMAX physical layer Frame Structure as per 802.16d and 802.16e standards
WiMAX MAC layer Frame Structure as per OFDM 802.16d standard
Zigbee RF4CE Frame Structure
Zigbee physical layer Frame Structure
Zigbee MAC layer Frame Structure
GPRS Frame Structure
GPS Frame Structure
LTE Frame Structure
TD-SCDMA Frame Structure
UMTS Frame Structure
SONET Frame Structure
SDH Frame Structure
802.11ac PHY Frame Structure
802.11ac MAC layer Frame Structure
WLAN Frame Structure as per 802.11a,11b,11n,11ac standards
AMPS Frame Structure
Ethernet Frame Structure
VLAN Frame Structure
GSM Frame Structure
RELATED LINKS
What is wlan?
WLAN standards-11a,11b,11g,11n,11ac
11a WLAN Physical layer
11b WLAN Physical layer
11n WLAN Physical layer
WLAN 802.11-ac
WLAN 802.11-ad
Difference between 11a,11b,11g,11n
Difference between 11-n,11-ac and 11-ad
WLAN router providers
WLAN providers
This page of WLAN 802.11ac tutorial covers 802.11ac MAC layer.
The 802.11ac MAC layer has similar frame format as earlier used in 802.11n but thereare few changes as outlined below.
• extension of maximum frame size to about 8K to 11K bytes.
• Frame aggregation concept was added in 802.11n so that network efficiency can be increased. 11ac added new feature to this by allowing all frames to be transmitted should use A-MPDU format. Hence even though there is one frame that too needs to be transmitted in A-MPDU.
• HT control field is kept same as 11n, when it begins with 0 it will be 11n frame, if it begins with 1 it will be VHT frame(i.e. 11ac frame).
Data payload for aggregated frames consists of following. MSDU contains IP layer information.
MPDU delimiter+MAC Header+MSDU1+ MPDU delimiter+MAC Header+MSDU2+ MPDU delimiter+MAC Header+MSDU3
Max. length of A-MPDU is controlled by A-MPDU length exponent.
Max. length of A-MPDU = 213+Exp -1 bytes
Exp can range from 0 to 7, this yields A-MPDU to be of length 8KB to about 1MB.
Following are some of the useful attributes of 11ac MAC layer.
• MSDU size for MAC payload - 2304
• MPDU size for MAC frame - 11,454
• PSDU size(PLCP payload) - About 4MB
• PPDU size(PLCP frame) - 5.484 ms
Management Frames
802.11ac has VHT capabilities Information Element(IE) ,which is the format used in management frame required toestablish connection in 802.11ac networks.
VHT capabilities IE fields ={Max. MPDU Length (2 bits),Supported Channel Width set(2 bits),Rx LDPC ( 1bit), Short GI for 80 MHz(1bit), short GI for 160 MHz(1bit),Tx STBC(1bit), Rx STBC(3bits), single user beamformer (1bit), beamformee (1bit),Sounding dimensions(3bits), multiuser beamformer(1bit) , beamformee(1bit),VHT TxOp power saving(1bit), VHT variant HT control(1bit), Max. A MPDU length exponent(3), VHT link adaptation capable(2), Rx and Tx antenna pattern consistency(1 each),Rx and Tx VHC MCS MAP(16 bits each), Rx and Tx Highest data rate supported (13 each)}
VHT operation Information Element in 802.11ac is used for operation of the 802.11 network.Basically it describes channel related information such as width, frequency and ratessupported by the transmitter. Rates help in determining MCS and number of spatial streams.
VHT IE ={ Channel width (1byte), channel center frequency 0 (1byte) ,channel center frequency 1(1byte) }
MAC features
A-MPDU for transmit and receive, Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) on secondary channels and bandwidthsignalling in RTS/CTS are mandatory features in 802.11ac WLAN network.There are few optional features which include single user beamformingand multiuser beamforming and GCMP.
This tutorial also provide link to 802.11ac data rate, beamforming, frame format, physical layer, radio network planning, spectrum mask.Refer links mentioned on the left side panel.
Frame structure of wireless standards, technologies
Frame structure of various wireless standards/technologies are mentioned below.It include WiMAX, WLAN, Zigbee, GSM, GPRS, UMTS, LTE, TD-SCDMA, GPS, SDH, 11ac WLAN, AMPS, Ethernet, VLAN etc.
WiMAX physical layer Frame Structure as per 802.16d and 802.16e standards
WiMAX MAC layer Frame Structure as per OFDM 802.16d standard
Zigbee RF4CE Frame Structure
Zigbee physical layer Frame Structure
Zigbee MAC layer Frame Structure
GPRS Frame Structure
GPS Frame Structure
LTE Frame Structure
TD-SCDMA Frame Structure
UMTS Frame Structure
SONET Frame Structure
SDH Frame Structure
802.11ac PHY Frame Structure
802.11ac MAC layer Frame Structure
WLAN Frame Structure as per 802.11a,11b,11n,11ac standards
AMPS Frame Structure
Ethernet Frame Structure
VLAN Frame Structure
GSM Frame Structure
RELATED LINKS
What is wlan?
WLAN standards-11a,11b,11g,11n,11ac
11a WLAN Physical layer
11b WLAN Physical layer
11n WLAN Physical layer
WLAN 802.11-ac
WLAN 802.11-ad
Difference between 11a,11b,11g,11n
Difference between 11-n,11-ac and 11-ad
WLAN router providers
WLAN providers
Other Standard MAC layer protocol
WIMAX MAC PROTOCOL
WLAN MAC LAYER PROTOCOL PART1
WLAN MAC LAYER PROTOCOL PART2
ZIGBEE MAC LAYER FRAME
BLUETOOTH MAC LAYER
802.11AC MAC LAYER
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The Realtek RTL8812AU is a highly integrated single-chip that supports 2-stream 802.11ac solutions with a Wireless LAN (WLAN) USB interface controller. It combines a WLAN MAC, a 2T2R capable WLAN baseband, and RF in a single chip. The RTL8812AU provides a complete solution for a high-performance integrated wireless device.
802.11ac Wlan Download
Specifications
Chipset: Realtek RTL8812AU
Standards: IEEE 802.11 b/g/n/a/ac
Bandwidth: 20MHz/40MHz
Data Rates
802.11a: 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps;
802.11b: 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps;
802.11g: 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps;
802.11n: Support PHY rate up to 300Mbps;
802.11ac: up to 867Mbps
2.4GHz up to 300Mbps + 5.0GHz up to 867Mbps
Frequency: 2.4GHz, 5GHz
LED: None
Antennas: Detachable 6dBi antenna x 2
Operation Frequency: ISM band 2412~2483.5MHz, 4915~5825MHz (Detail frequency range depends on country region)
Operating System: Windows XP 32/64, Windows 2000, Windows 7 32/64, Windows 8 32/64, Vista 32/64, Windows 10 32/64, Kali Linux (KaliubuntuAircrack_ng), B-T5, Mac OS
Security: WEP 64/128, WPA/WPA2 (TKIP, AES); WAPI; WPS/WPS 2.0: PIN, PBC
Interface: USB 2.0 Type A
Dimention: 61.0 x 61.0 x 19 mm (LxWxH)
Weight: 44.2 g/ 0.097 lb (Adapter Only)
802.11ac Wlan Adapter Driver Download
RTL8812AU Driver download for Windows 7/8/10
TP-Link TL-WDN6200(RTL8812AU) Driver for Windows XP/7/8/10
TP-link_WDN6200_RTL8812AU (The collections download for Mac OS X 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 10.10)
Install the Realtek rtl8812au Wifi Driver in Linux
802.11ac Wifi Driver Download
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